schiltz



(No Model.)

M. V. SGHILTZ.

HYDROGARBONBNGINEV.

No. 406,540. Patented July 9, 1889.

folryv'ne UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MATHIAS VITAL. SCHILTZ, OF COLOGNE, PRUSSIA, GERMANY.

HY DROCARBON-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,540, dated July 9,1889.

Application filed April 9, 1889. SerielNo. 306,742. (No model.) Patentedin Germany April 10, 1886, No. 38,121; in Belgium June 30,1886, No.73,679,- in France July 3, 1886, No. 177,181: in England August 16,1886, No. 10,480; in Austria Hungary October 23,1886,N0. 19,835, andinItaly May 10, 1887,1I0. 20,715.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATHIAS VITALIS SOHILTZ, a subject of the GermanEmperor,

1886; in France, No.177,181, dated July 3, 1886;

in Great Britain, No. 10,480, dated August 16, 1886; in Austria Hungary,No; 19,835, dated October 23, 1886, and in Italy, No. 20,715, dated May10, 1887,) of which the following is a full, clear, and exactspecification.

My invention relates to a new mode of pro ducing a good explosivemixture in hydrocarbon-engines from heavy hydrocarbon oils or otherliquid fuel and air; and said mode;

consists in mechanically dispersing a measured or regulated quantity ofliquid fuel by means of a strong air-current in a heated space of coiledor zigzag form, and thus mixing the vapors with the required quantity ofair zbefore its admission to the explosionchamber of the engine.

In application Serial No. 242,474, filed J une- 25, 1887, patented March12, 1880, No. 399,569, I have explained some general requirements andprinciples upon which the present invention is based. In the saidapplication I have described the construction and use of anevaporating-canal, which is heated by im-;

mediate contact with the explosion-chamber of the engine. This presentapplication relates to the same method carried into effect by means ofan evaporating-canal heated by an independent source of heat, which maybe a furnace or a lamp.

To render my invention better understood I will explain someconsiderations which have induced me to replace an evaporatingcanaladapted to utilize the heat of the explosionchamber of the engine by anindependent evaporating-canal constructed and used in the same manner,but heated by an independent source of heat and periodicallycommunieating with the explosion-chamber of the englue.

It is well known that in a gas or petroleum engine the final pressure ofthe hot gases or products of combustion upon the working-piston dependson the initial pressure and temperature of the mixture and on the finaltemperature, and may be found by the equation P 13 in which p designatesthe initial and P the final pressure, t the initial and T the finalabsolute temperature. It is also well known that many heavy oils requirefor their evaporation a higher temperature than can be supported by theworking-organs of the engine, and that therefore the heat allowable inan evaporating-canal heated by the explosion-space of the engine isfrequently insuiflcient for evaporating heavy oils or tar. For thisreason I employ an evaporating'canal applied to an independent furnace,in which the temperature required for the evaporation of oils' may be ashigh as required, and coming from this evaporating'canal the combustiblemay be sufficiently cooled before its admission to the explosion-chamberof the engine. This special evaporating-canal may also be employed inthe same manner for starting a petroleum-engine when not yet heated bycommon illuminating or other heavy petroleum. As soon as theevaporating-canal applied to the explosion-chamber of the engine, asdescribed in my concurrent application, is sufficiently heated byexplosions, the special furnace or lamp with the evaporating-canal maybe disconnected and the fire extinguished. The said fire of course maybe sustained by the combustion of coal or any liquid fuel.

The air may be sucked or forced into the evaporating-canal by a specialpump, or it may be sucked through the same by the en gine-piston duringits first upstroke. In the latter case the evaporating-canal isconnected with the explosion-chamber through the admissioirvalveactuated by the engine.

The shape of the furnace and of the evaporating-canal may of course bemodified, but always so as to retain a large inner evaporating-surface,and such a width as maybe necessary to provide at every cycle of theengine a strong current of air, by which the liquid fuel is perfectlydispersed or evaporated and mixed with the air to provide an explosivemixture. For the regular speed of the engine it is important that theliquid shall not remain or accumulate in anyplace of theevaporating-canal. The canal must therefore be swept regularly by thestrong current of air. This regularity of speed also requires a suitableproportion between the quantity of air and that of the liquid fuel to bemixed with the air.

In the further description of my invention reference will be made to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of afurnace and a helical evaporating-canal surrounding the same. Fig. 2 isa vertical section along 'line I I; and Fig. 3 a horizontal sectionalong line II II of a furnace surrounded by a zigzagshapedevaporating-canal, showing also the explosion-chamber and valve-box ofan engine to which the evaporating apparatus forms an accessory.

The evaporating canal V is preferably formed by a metallic jacketsubdivided by metallic partitions, which may be in one piece with thewalls of the furnace or lamp. In Fig. 1 the first part of theevaporating-canal is a coil situated inside the furnace. The oil isintroduced into the canal through a thin pipe e, by means of a smallfeed-pump adapted to supply small measured quantities of liquid fuel atevery cycle of the engine in a similar manner as described in myprevious application mentioned above. The air enters the inner coil atthe upper end, and after having passed through the same enters theexternal canal at the bottom, as shown by the arrows. The outlet b forthe combustible mixture is situated at the upper end of the externalcanal, as shown. 9 is the fire-grate, and h the outlet for thefurnace-gases. The inner coil may, however, be omitted, and the air andoil admitted to the external canal at the top, while the outlet forcombustible mixture is situated at the bottom of the same.

In the arrangement represented by Figs. 2 and 3, F is the furnace; g,the grate; V V, the evaporating-canal; r, the air and oil inlet; to, theoutlet for combustible mixture. V is an evaporating canal surroundin theexplosionchamber A; r, the petroleum and air inlet of the same. S is awater-space underneath the explosion-chamber.' C is the valve-chestcontaining the inlet-valve a and exhaust-valve 0, each valve beingopened at every cycle of the engine by mechanism operated from theengine, while the closing is produced by springs. Above the inlet-valvea a three-way cock B is arranged in such a manner that communication maybe established either between the said valve and the canal V, or betweenthe valve and the canal V by turning the said cook, or that both canalsmay be cut off, for which'purpose the said cock is provided with ahandle.

In the position represented by Fig. 2 the admission-valve communicateswith the canal V, while in Fig. 3 communication is established betweenthe valve and the canal V.

I am aware that it has been proposed to evaporate petroleum by means ofa separate furnace, but the evaporating-canal did not receive smallmeasured quantities of the oil and an air-current suffieient toevaporate the same.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be per formed, I declarethat what I claim is- 1. In a liydrocarbon-engine, the combination of anindependent furnace with a metallic evaporating-jacket surrounding thesaid furnace and divided by transverse partitions, so as to increase theevaporating-surface, sub stantially as described, and for the purposespecified.

2. In a hydrocarbon-engine, the combination of the explosion-chamberwith an independent f u rn ace, a m etallic evaporating-j acketsurrounding the said furnace and divided by transverse partitions, so asto increase the evaporating-surface, and a valve adapted to establishand interrupt communication with the explosion-chamber at every cycle ofthe engine, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. In a hydroearbon-engine, the combination of an independent source ofheat, with' a helical or zigzag shaped evaporating-canal adapted to beheated by the said source and provided with a valveadapted to establishand interrupt communication with the explosion-chamber of the engine atevery cycle, an oil feeder or pump adapted to introduce into the saidevaporatingcanal small exactlynieasured quantities of liquid fuel atevery cycle of the engine, and a pump, preferably the working-cylinder,for producing in the said canal at every cycle of. the engine anair-blast into or toward the explosion-chamber, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a hydrocarbon-engine, the combination of an independent furnace orlamp, with a helical or zigzag shaped evaporating-canal surrounding thesaid source of heat and provided with a valve adapted to establish andinterrupt communication with the explosionchamber at every cycle of theengine, an oil feeder or pump adapted to introduce into the saidevaporating-canal small exactly-measured quantities of liquid fuel atevery cycle of the engine, and a pump, preferably the working-cylinder,for producing in the said canal at every cycle of the engine anair-blast into or toward the explosion-chamber, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a hydrocarbon-engine, the combination of the explosion chamber andvalvechest, with an evaporating-canal surrounding the saidexplosion-chamber and adapted to be heated by the same, an independentsource of heat, an auxiliary evaporating-canal adapt- IIO ed to beheated by the same, and a cook 01' specification in the presence of twosubscribvalve adapted to establish communication being witnesses. tweenthe explosion-chamber alternately with i 7 the first or the second ofthe said evaporat- ITAL' SCHILTZ' 5 ing-canals, substantially asdescribed, and for \Vitnesses:

the purpose specified. GUSTAVE ALBERT OERICHs,

In testimony whereof I have signed this \VM. D. WARNER.

